The Management of Global Trade Distribution Assignment

Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Example

Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Example Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Secularism And Its Effect On Society Religion Essay Secularism is the detachment of territory and confidence. It is the prohibition or dismissal of confidence from political or common individual businesss of the region. Bing an old conviction of some antiquated Grecian and Roman logicians like Marcus Aurelius it has created and extended to make various corners of the universe. In any case, the term secularism is similarly new as it was preeminent referenced or begat by the British creator George Holyoake in 1851. In the 1700 s various creators and savants of the Enlightenment Age had proposed its application in the public eye. High Renaissance authors other than offered ascend to secularism and vision in their plants framed from Classicism, however it was to a great extent in chronicled rather than aesthetic and compositional plants. Hence, secularism was formally conceived or begun during the Renaissance however found a specific terms in the eighteenth century during the Age of Reason. The build and its application became more ground ed with the Gallic unrest moving until today. The most common regions in cutting edge times have dramatically increased the figure of non-mainstream regions. In any case, some common regions do non use it without limit and still recognize some otherworldly shortfalls like get-aways. A few territories, by and by, do non hold a characterized area confidence in view of various examples of a major figure of its residents. For representation, Nigeria has Islam, Christianity and other Traditional religions however non each piece much as the initial two-as the official beliefs of the state. The full state watches both Islamic and Christian get-aways and sets aside cash in its financial plan for various goals for this confidence. Subsequently, secularism has had a support in the last a few centuries. Since its outgrowth, confidence holds the capacity or position as the balance for statute and every single other lawfulness. It is the restrictive start of law and everybody is relied upon to comply with its guidelines and laws and inability to make so outcomes in punishment of the liable individual or people by otherworldly proclamation. In this manner, the best possible capacity of confidence in each general public is to put down the guidelines or Torahs to be trailed by each part. It other than incorporates the full existence of a person, from their introduction to the world, everyday exercises and even to destruction and more distant. Religion is outright for example it is a genuine decree from the Almighty. Europe was broadly Roman Catholic Christians because of the Roman vanquishers of the Dark and Middle Ages. Europe was an extremely profound landmass. Thus, confidence was the statute seting the congregation over even the assessment Monarchs and Lords. Be that as it may, this understanding relied upon the state and once in a while changed blending to the swayer. For delineation, King Richard the Lion Heart of England was a solid Catholic and a pioneer of the crusades thus, had a decent remaining with the congregation while his sibling John other than known as John Lackland who became ruler after him did non. Pope Innocent II expelled him because of a distinction between them on who was to be the accompanying Archbishop of Canterbury. Since the bygone Norman and Angevin male rulers of England had significant impact with the congregation, he other than expected he could. Be that as it may, the congregation triumphed and he continued paying the congregation remuneration cash for some cla sp. In this manner, otherworldly guidelines have been around for a long clasp because of confidence and its willing followings. It can other than be seen from the clasp of its outgrowth and improvement from animism to polytheism and inevitably monotheism, all religions consider the faith in a force or heavenly nature that sets guidelines. These guidelines have been at times to the benefit of society and at different occasions to its hurt. For case, in pre-Christian Rome, human relinquish or slaughter is supposed to be the bearer of the God s and goddesses forgiveness on the individuals of Rome. Human relinquish achieved precipitation, great harvest and inexhaustible riches. In this manner, it achieved the introduction of the fighters and their amazing fights to please the divinities. Another delineation would be the Indian relinquish of a widow on her dead hubby s memorial service fire or in this manner times the terminal of her cultural life and she is viewed as a terrible luck bid for anybody. In this manner, confidence constrained society to either slaughter these widows or cut them off from society and force them to populate together without help, have oning only white and offering their natural structures to take care of themselves the vast majority of the clasp. A few beliefs even back up and O.K. of inbreeding especially sibling sister interbreeding which can be found in Egyptian, Nipponese and Chinese imperial families of the past yearss. Thus, the best possible capacity of confidence in the public eye is to set up and pass on request non disorder to religion. In any case, for the most segment, Europe occupied with wars between its states because of religion giving 1000s of lives to its motivation. For outline, the Campaigns that were embraced multiple times by various states that tossed the entirety of their cash into them by, all things considered, burdening their kin to fund wars which were lost in the terminal. A few states, similar to England and Franc e neer recouped to the full from this conservative relinquish which can be said the improvements in both these states as a result of hapless rule of life. State confidence in France after the upset offered way to territory atheism which advanced the concealment of confidence. It is abrogating to comprehend that secularism advances otherworldly opportunity while keeping up it from act uponing its Torahs while paganism does non back up the example of confidence by any stretch of the imagination. In present day or cutting edge times, secularism is increasingly well known on the grounds that it advances uniformity of beliefs before the statute and can suppress accusal of preference towards one confidence. Be that as it may, in socialist areas region atheism is advanced. The advanced universe ought to non forsake or give confidence to the side as it is being done in most current territories. It is a given that a few territories have more than one significant beliefs to see. This may a present a vocation to most regions with regards to law conceiving. Anyway in Nigeria, the law shapers have done a decent occupation imparting its significant beliefs for example Islam and Christianity with incredible outcomes. The state other than perceives different examples of the less populated customary religions tolerating a few things like marriage, paternity and acknowledgment without an interest for a lawful agent at the clasp. It very well may be said that confidence tossed Europe in to a region of war, yet it can non be disproved that it other than achieved stableness at the clasp of its outgrowth in Europe. Be that as it may, a great many people especially the philosopes like Denis Diderot dism issed the idea of God doing confidence interchangeable to social orders miseries. He composed an article about an expiring blind educator, Lettre Sur lupus erythematosuss aveugles, in which he advanced his political direction. It is trusted Diderot s sister s perish in a religious circle where she was a cloister adherent added to his disgrace of confidence. In this way, it very well may be seen that miseries of individuals of the hapless at the guardianships of the congregation prompted numerous Europeans belief of paganism. On the different manus, it most regions that have an individual confidence as its territory confidence and being non-common have a relatively unagitated and precise society. For outline, the Middle Eastern states that use Islam as their functionary confidence utilize the Quran and the directions of the Prophet Muhammad ( S.A.W ) as their law. In spite of the fact that there is emergency in the Middle East states like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates appreciate a serene cultural and affordable life which methodical and bedlam free. The detachment of confidence and region Torahs the two has its points of interest and disservices. It is as yet an on-going contention on whether its advantages exceed its imperfections. On the off chance that territory is isolated from confidence, Torahs will hold no immediate profound impact. Man made profound guidelines expressing is non the statute. Resistance of different religions will be created. Nepotism and isolation or predisposition because of otherworldly contrast will significantly chop down. The region will non add profound disbursals to its financial plan go forthing it with more financess to indict other region undertakings or occupations. Skeptic can other than be endured and their positions heard. Opportunity of look is significantly advanced in these social orders. Majority rule government is other than advanced. On the different manus, if area is non separate from confidence it will acquire abundance disbursals. There is less resilience of different beliefs and their example as can be seen in topographic focuses like Saudi Arabia, the U.A.E, Yemen and Israel, as it were, towards Muslims. Strict articulations are considered as law. Secularism each piece great as awful talking the confidence will be viewed as strangeness and may even be deserving of expire as observed during the congregation s amazing fasten in Europe. Be that as it may, a portion of the points of interest above can other than transform into these burdens while a portion of the detriments transform into focal points. For delineation, resistance of paganism can take to its across the board and the decrease in confidence as prove in Europe with the happening to unbelieving Enlightened rationalists. Despite the fact that there was no resistance in many states, the Netherlands permitted these individuals to print the vast majority of their plants and in making so helped the spread of paganism. Majority rules system can be supposed to be very misrepresented in light of the fact that most areas rehearsing it can other than strife on the privileges of others and non digest their otherworldly opportunity. For outline, the statute that was passed in France by President Nicholas Sarkozy to thwart Muslim grown-up females from covering their caput encroached on their opportunity of confidence and look. So b

How to Write Effective Evaluative Writing Topics

How to Write Effective Evaluative Writing TopicsEvaluative writing is done for many reasons. In business writing, this type of writing is used to establish the quality and acceptability. It's also done in any other business writing type, even news. Many people believe that doing this will give them an edge over the competition, and it can be done with great benefits.Evaluative writing topics are usually considered informal, and not formal writing, because it is more business oriented. But it isn't always easy to say what you want to say when writing this type of content. There are things that you have to come up with. It can be a good way to make your point, and it is a way to decide whether you have the right idea or not.Good evaluative writing topics are those that apply to all individuals, and to any industry. It is easy to find information on this type of writing and the benefits it provides. This type of content can help you gain credibility when using it in various business wri ting content. Most businesses these days will use this type of content to improve their company's reputation. This helps you gain trust from customers, which in turn helps you improve your brand image.Evaluative writing can help you and others to improve their business. It can create better communication among various parties and help you present your points clearly. This gives you a clear way to communicate with your company.People love these topics, but most often they will forget about it when it gets old. But it's a popular thing to have in your content. In fact, you can also have them as the title of your article. Make sure to find out the benefits of these topics, and apply them in your article. They are also very good for creating a good message, and you can use it on your website and others.Evaluative writing topics should be strong and powerful, and interesting. There's no point in writing something if it isn't going to be liked by your readers. In order to make your topic interesting, you must know what is important to them. You also have to give them a reason to listen to what you have to say. Then, add your personality to it, to make it more interesting.Evaluative writing can help you avoid several mistakes you can make. You must be able to think of things that people would like to hear. The more you know, the easier it will be for you to come up with what to write. As you try, you will start to see the benefits of doing this. In fact, you will have lots of success from doing this.Evaluative writing topics are extremely helpful in writing business articles. This is a lot of fun to do and is very effective for improving your writing skills.

The Impact Of Violence In Video Games Media Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 932 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Introduction to the impact of violence in video games Purpose of violence in video games Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact Of Violence In Video Games Media Essay" essay for you Create order Purpose of dissertation Research question and hypothesis Methodology .. About. On Existing Information . Practical Approach History History: . Why Story is Important in Game: .. Case Study: .. Literature Review: .. Data Analysis Gaming Market Share . Stats of games released in recent 3 years: Introduction Contents Introduction to the impact of violence in video games Purpose of violence in video games Purpose of dissertation Research question and hypothesis Just like movies and other forms of media, video games have always been criticized as an influence to violent and aggressive behavior by news print media and public opinion. There has always been an argument about video games imparting graphic violence, partial or full nudity, portrayal of immoral behavior or other provoking and offensive material to a childs mind. Studies indicate that video games are one of the prime factors contributing to addiction and aggression. Yet numerous studies have found that video games dont contribute to these problems. Moreover, several groups have claimed that there are few if any methodically proven studies to support these reports, and that the video game industry has become an easy target for the media to be accountable for many contemporary problems. Also, many researchers have proposed possible positive effects of video games on parts of communal and mental development and psychological well-being. It has been presented that action video game players have far better hand and eye coordination and visual and motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction and their sensitivity to information in the outlying vision and also their ability to count briefly presented objects than non-players. Purpose of violence in video games I believe that today our media reflects us as a culture. Besides that it also helps form that culture in turn. Humanity embraces violence, as shown by thousands and thousands of years of history. We desire peace while formulating war. Its a very human contrast. Why, then, wouldnt our most popular pastime involve the same clash? We want innovation; nevertheless we still seek out the experiential violence that we hanker as a species. I also believe that its far better to allow ourselves to shoot each other online in simulated virtual worlds than do so in real life. As I have explored video gaming as a cultural occurrence, Ive found that every players experience of games is completely different. My own non-violent trends color my responsiveness of games that are explicit in their subjects of war and violence and cruelty. I am not stating that i dont see the significance in such games, particularly when takingÂÂ  into account the existing modern culture. What has been an excellent instrument to exhibit how societies view and express themselves are written media, films and novels which expresses war, death , life and what it worth to be a human. I feel Video games are no different. They are reaching to a certain critical mass, in terms of technological ability and thematic scope that, I believe, will compete with the range and impact of film and books in a very short span of time. Hopefully, videogames mature into their full potential as a media and they begin to take on other themes and topics such as Love, and family, and working together i n society as much a part of being a human as war and violence. Problem Statement Purpose of Dissertation I am writing this dissertation to display how video games have matured, switching from the days of gentleÂÂ  Pac-ManÂÂ  clones to the gritty, sleazy underworlds ofÂÂ  Grand Theft Auto. Through this transformation, they have found critics and supporters. Though this may all seem recent, its a debate that has been boiling for years. Research Questions: What is the role of video games in the media world? With what can we evaluate the violence exposure and aggression? How is the attitude of viewers and players changing their values and behavior? What ways can help the field of gaming to be free of negative impact? Is there a significant evidence that exposure to media violence is a risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior? What is the conclusion of the issue of violence in relation to videogames? What effect does the violence in video games have on the users? What percentage of violence is accredited to video games? Methodology Contents About On Existing Information Practical Approach About This dissertations main object is to show the impact of violence in video games on todays culture and consumer preferences. The document will show both the negative and positive effects of violence in video games. On Existing Information It is made sure that all the information gathered through various electronic and traditional media are as current as possible. For this dissertation Ive used Google as my prime source material, while supplementing this thesis are various news websites like CNN.com, NYtimes.com and various relevant print media. Further more I would be researching books on video game violence and collect data from the already existing surveys and studies. Practical Approach My approach would be to show how violence in videogames shape the psychological behavior of the consumer and show what are the positive and negative effects of too much violence and graphic themes in modern day video games. I would be conducting various surveys and research on ground level, and based on most current controversial events that have occurred in the world of video games. Based on the demography of the recipient I would be taking some surveys that would have ask them their preferences and inclination towards graphic violence, nudity, gore etc.

Poverty Is An Overwhelming Word - 1688 Words

Gladys Castillo English 7 H Mrs. Martin November 4, 2015 Poverty Taking a Toll When you throw a pebble into water it sends ripples throughout it, likewise everything caused constitutionally creates an aftermath. Poverty is an overwhelming word because of the meaning and situation it carries, especially when a person is living in the state of poverty. This is a worldwide issue that you may find in many countries, never the less you see it everywhere and even when you don’t it’s there. Millions of children, young adults, and elderly live in this problem, many of them handicap or with diseases and disabilities. It singles not one gender or ethnicity, along with many of them having to face this alone or as a family. The cause of this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Particularly vulnerable are children from the poorest households who are 80% more likely to die in the first 5 years of life compared to children from the wealthiest household.† (Skiles 2015) This complication attacks the health of children and as unfortunate as that is, it atta cks them because of the conditions forced to settle with. Children living in the low class section and growing up in a low income family are often exposed to diseases due to housing conditions such as poor sanitation and limited water with can lead to mal-nutrition. All of this contributing for the reason behind why children growing in poverty get dieses such as Aids. â€Å"Previous studies in South Africa have found that children in AIDS- affected families reported consistently higher levels of poverty than children in healthy or other ill families.† (Boyes, Meinck, Franziska, Cluver 2015) With poverty, comes horrific diseases but health can come in many shapes and forms. One being that it can affect someone mentally as well, causing them to be stressed, depressed and change ones character. Many parents suffer from mental illness causing them to lose control of situations and create negative parenting and family functions. â€Å"Household illness and high levels of disabili ty, coupled with stigma and poverty may therefore lead to increased stress, poorer parenting and mental health, which can increase

Resurrection Essay Example For Students

Resurrection Essay Bodily Resurrection and 1 Corinthians 15: 42-54By: Joe ScholarOne of the most significant issues concerning nearly all religions,Christianity among them, concerns the fate of men following their death. Believing in an inevitable resurrection of the body among the faithful, Paul, aprinciple founder of Christianity, asserted his beliefs on the nature of bodilyresurrection in 1 Corinthians 15: 42-54. As eternity tends to last a long time,believing Christians (even agnostics such as myself) would likely be somewhateager to arrive at an accurate interpretation of Pauls message found in theabove verses, so as to glean insight as to what might await them following theirlast heartbeat. The approach I will take in analyzing 1 Corinthians: 42-54 willbe to: 1) explain how the verses fit in with the overall structure of the book;2) to explain and paraphrase the meaning behind the passage; 3) relate theverses to similar passages expressed elsewhere by Paul; 4) and lastly to touchupon some of the controversy associated with the verses. 1 Corinthians was written around 54 C.E. and was addressed to thecongregation which was made up primarily of gentiles and was located in Corinth. At the time, Corinth was a highly urbanized and religiously diverse city whichmade it very conducive to the early Christian movement. Pauls first letter tothe Corinthians was written as a response to a letter he had received (which didnot survive) from the Corinthians in which Paul was asked to settle variousdisputes that were arising within the struggling congregation. Writing inapostolic fashion to the congregation he had founded, Pauls letter whilepastoral, answered numerous questions and demanded numerous changes rangingfrom: the rich eating with the poor at the church suppers (11:18-22); to curbingthe acceptance of sexual immorality (5:1-13); to abstaining from taking fellowChristians to court (6:12-20); to answering the question on the acceptability ofeating meat begot from pagan sacrifice (8:1-13); to the role of women in thechurch (11:2-16); to the importance of prophesying (14:1-40); and much, muchmore. It was under these auspices that Paul answered the question of whetherman would be with or without a body following resurrection. Although all ofthe 15th chapter deals with issues of resurrection, the place of the body iscurtly addressed in verses 42-54 and is prefaced with the 35th verse which asks,But someone will ask, How are the dead raised? With what kind of body do theycome?'(15:35). Paul believed that at the time of the resurrection the perishable bodywould be transformed into an imperishable body, that would neither be a ghost-like spirit nor a fleshly body, but rather some sort of combination of the two. As Sanders phrases it, resurrection means transformed body, not walkingcorpse or disembodied spirit. As William Wrede describes Pauls transformationof the body, He says that they are dead or are risen again with Christ;or more specifically they are dead to sin, to the Law, crucified to the world; the body of sin is destroyed; they are no longer in the flesh; or else hesays simply that they are dead' Paul, whether because he does not recognizethe need for further elaboration, or equally as likely, as he does not know howto accurately elaborate further, does not offer any greater explanation as tothe nature of the new imperishable body. Seemingly similar to changing ones clothes, Paul simply explains thetransformation, in the capacity of the mortal body putting on immortality. The nearly tautological backbone behind Pauls reasoning is that the since themortal, by definition isnt immortal, in order to gain an eternal life, themortal must necessarily become immortal. As Wrede interestingly interprets it, If the misery of man consists in his habitation in the flesh, his happiness mustdepend on his liberation from the flesh, that is, on his death. Moreover, onceimmortality is put on, death, the previously inevitable enemy of the mortal,will be destroyed. As Paul crisply writes in verse 54, When this perishablebody puts on imperishability, and this mortal body puts on immortality, then thesaying that is written will be fulfilled: Death has been swallowed up invictory.'(15:54). .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .postImageUrl , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:hover , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:visited , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:active { border:0!important; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:active , .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49 .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5a1be17726bba882642e160f2c9ad49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth - GUILTY EssayThe single implied description Paul does make sure to include regardingthe body, is the notion that the resurrected imperishable body will bear alikeness and similarity to the fleshly body that preceded it. Having believedhe had seen Jesuss resurrected body (as he wrote in 1 Corinthians 9:1) whichpresumably outwardly appeared as

sadsa Essays - Slavery, Racism, Abuse, Crimes Against Humanity

dsadsadsadsadsadsa pening scene portraying an open desperate ocean, a smooth drum beat, and an exhausted slave. The film in its entirety expresses a brutally violent environment, a struggle for freedom, and the need for friendship. The movie surrounds the idea of the Constitution of America, and even more so, when the words Life, liberty and property, flowed form Jefferson's mind. The movie smashes in your face the though of, Who has the right to own a slave, another human being. Or is that right souly in the hands of an individual to take control of their own life. During the long, drawn out courtroom drama section of this movie, the issue of the long-lived slave question was decided. The slaves were to be set free. As the movie goes on it blasts out a brutal blow of reality of the way life had gone for the slaves even after being allowed to go back to Africa. The audience must now go head on with a past that everyone's pening scene portraying an open desperate ocean, a smooth drum beat, and an exhausted slave. The film in its entirety expresses a brutally violent environment, a struggle for freedom, and the need for friendship. The movie surrounds the idea of the Constitution of America, and even more so, when the words Life, liberty and property, flowed form Jefferson's mind. The movie smashes in your face the though of, Who has the right to own a slave, another human being. Or is that right souly in the hands of an individual to take control of their own life. During the long, drawn out courtroom drama section of this movie, the issue of the long-lived slave question was decided. The slaves were to be set free. As the movie goes on it blasts out a brutal blow of reality of the way life had gone for the slaves even after being allowed to go back to Africa. The audience must now go head on with a past that everyone'spening scene portraying an open desperate ocean, a smooth drum beat, and an exhausted slave. The film in its entirety expresses a brutally violent environment, a struggle for freedom, and the need for friendship. The movie surrounds the idea of the Constitution of America, and even more so, when the words Life, liberty and property, flowed form Jefferson's mind. The movie smashes in your face the though of, Who has the right to own a slave, another human being. Or is that right souly in the hands of an individual to take control of their own life. During the long, drawn out courtroom drama section of this movie, the issue of the long-lived slave question was decided. The slaves were to be set free. As the movie goes on it blasts out a brutal blow of reality of the way life had gone for the slaves even after being allowed to go back to Africa. The audience must now go head on with a past that everyone'spening scene portraying an open desperate ocean, a smooth drum beat, and an exhausted slave. The film in its entirety expresses a brutally violent environment, a struggle for freedom, and the need for friendship. The movie surrounds the idea of the Constitution of America, and even more so, when the words Life, liberty and property, flowed form Jefferson's mind. The movie smashes in your face the though of, Who has the right to own a slave, another human being. Or is that right souly in the hands of an individual to take control of their own life. During the long, drawn out courtroom drama section of this movie, the issue of the long-lived slave question was decided. The slaves were to be set free. As the movie goes on it blasts out a brutal blow of reality of the way life had gone for the slaves even after being allowed to go back to Africa. The audience must now go head on with a past that everyone's pening scene portraying an open desperate ocean, a smooth drum beat, and an exhausted slave. The film in its entirety expresses a brutally violent environment, a struggle for freedom, and the need for friendship. The movie surrounds the idea of the Constitution of America, and even more so, when the words Life, liberty and property, flowed form Jefferson's mind. The movie smashes in your face the though of, Who has the right to own a slave, another human being. Or is that right

Lenovo Case Study Essays

Lenovo Case Study Essays Lenovo Case Study Essay Lenovo Case Study Essay After maintaining market leadership in China for several years the company expanded into international markets in 2003, and in 2004 they signed on for two ambitious transactions; joining the Olympic Partner Program, an $80 million agreement that made Leno the exclusive provider of computing equipment and services for the Olympic games in 2006 and 2008, and a deal in which they acquired Vims Personal Systems Division. The former allowed Leno to have access to exclusive worldwide marketing opportunities; however It also presented them with the challenges and costs of using those opportunities effectively. In the IBM deal, Leno gained use of the IBM brand name (for up to five years), the well-established IBM Think-family products, and some difficult questions on how to move forward. Leno, with the acquisition of the IBM PC business, first had to come up with a plan that would raise awareness for the Leno brand name while capitalizing on the established brand MOM. Leno decided to go with a master brand strategy, focusing most of their efforts on building the Leno brand worldwide while also continuing to strengthen the Thinking product acquired through MOM. After deciding on their strategy, Leno then had to decide what its brand essence would become and viewed the competition In two types of business models; those who sold products tit little or no innovation and focused on Inventory turns, or those who focused on product Innovation and less on market share. To stay true to both Lenos and Vims innovative roots, as well as attempting to stay current In the evolving PC business, Leno decided to position themselves against competitors that focused on innovation such as Sony and Apple. Leno redesigned the Thinking in several ways, despite the risk of offending earlier Thinking users, which yielded much admiration from the press. Although the design f the new Thinking models had been accepted well, Leno wasnt getting the credit it wanted and raising awareness for the brand had become an issue. While the Olympics sponsorship was seen to be a positive event for the brands reputation they were not seen as being a motivator for purchase. Leno had spent $250 million on worldwide marketing In 2005, which in many major markets was distant from the leader In market share of voice. In 2006, Leno planned to Introduce a new brand of PCS worldwide known as the 3000 Family; targeted at the small business market, these new computers would be parcel equal to competitor companies sun as pm HP, a pricing strategy inconsistent with the premium Thinking brand. With low awareness among small business customers, Lenos market research showed that they had to ensure that the 3000 family had a unique, distinctive and attractive design. Problem The big question Leno is faced with is how they should differentiate themselves from the competition in the midst of their shrinking market share, with consideration or the Thinking brand and the introduction of the 3000 Family PC series. Recommendation Leno needs to be careful so as to not hurt the credibility of their master brand which they have spent time, money, and effort to create. With their earlier decision to use the Thinking brand to compete in the premium PC market against such brands as Apple and Sony, it is important for them to stay consistent with that message; however stretching their product category to include PCs which compete with companies in the other business model that includes competitors such as Dell and HP can help to gain market share. Leno has the option of staying consistent with its position as a premium provider of PCs and promoting the 3000 Family as such, however this would completely be missing the new series mark as a unique alternative for small business owners. Because of this Leno should position the 3000 Family and the Thinking brand separately as unique sub-products of Leno, so they can appeal to their respective categories and not tarnish each others equity. To do this, Lenos first priority in their marketing efforts needs to continue the enforcement of the master brand (Leno itself) as being a producer of high quality PCs that strives for innovation. Lenos point of differentiation is in its ability to create PCs for all types of users which will help segue into the differentiation between their sub-products. Leno should run individual advertising campaigns for the Thinking and 3000 Family products to distinguish their unique purposes; however, they both should maintain the unifying message of the master brand that connects them, highlighting Lenos versatility. They should continue to use the Thinking brand to compete on the higher-end level, positioning it with a message of premium quality and innovation; while positioning the 3000 Family series towards small business customers as reliable and durable machines. The goal of this strategy is to help Leno to be seen in the eyes of the consumer as a company that can create both innovative PCs that are of premium quality and PCs that are more affordable and reliable. In achieving this Leno would be able to compete in both categories, allowing them to turn their shrinking share of the market around.

CASE STUDY # 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

# 1 - Case Study Example However, some children may accurately develop these abilities but still have symptoms of language disorder. The speech disorders without known causes are usually referred to developmental language disorder. Nonetheless, numerous agents including brain injury, developmental problems, hearing loss, autistic spectrum disorder, and learning disabilities, may cause the language disorder in children (The New York Times 01). Notably, each agent has its unique symptoms, system of diagnosis, and treatment. Cori Williams, the national president announced during the Federal Lections of the year 2007 lobbied a national campaign against speech disorder among children. William wanted the speech pathology to be discussed extensively and sufficiently so that the government could adopt the Speech Pathology as an Australia’s policy (Speech Pathology Australia 01). The main areas that this public policy aimed at addressing included the functions of the speech pathology services to children with speech and language disorders. William also wanted the improved access of pathology services to children in remote areas. Finally, it lobby called for extended pathology services within the Medicare Allied Health Initiative (Speech Pathology Australia 01). There numerous exams and tests that are often conducted in children to determine the type of speech disorder they might be suffering. In some cases, a speech disorder in a child may be traced from the medical history of the child’s family (Simms 432). In such a case, it may be revealed that the child’s close relative might have suffered speech and language problems. Moreover, a child who might be suspected to be suffering from language or speech disorder can be taken for standardized expressive and receptive language tests. During this test, a language and speech neuropsychologist or therapist will be able to determine the same. Additionally,

Composition Analysis. Handel, Messiah, Hallelujah Chorus Research Paper

Composition Analysis. Handel, Messiah, Hallelujah Chorus - Research Paper Example He spent the last forty-nine years of his life in England, which at that time was a prosperous nation and the environment was conducive to freewheeling genius as himself. He was a very successful composer. But by 1730s, both emotional and physical exhaustion took over Handel and he started concentrating on composing Sacred Oratorios. They were easier to deal with unlike Operas, which dealt with large, elaborate and expensive sets and extremely moody and unpredictable actors. The fact remains that Handel’s most famous compositions are his Oratorios. â€Å"Messiah† was composed at an astounding pace, between three and four weeks during August and September 1741. It was originally intended to be presented during the Easter of 1742. The libretto is by Charles Jennens and is drawn from King James’ Bible. It interprets the Christian doctrine of the Messiah or the Savior. Handel was disappointed with the cold reception of his previous work by the audience of London. Pro bably this is one reason behind premiering it in Dublin on 13th April, 1742. In fact he was skeptical about the reception of the Oratorio by the audience. His earlier pieces were always bonded by a strong plot and clear narrative. â€Å"Messiah† on the other hand was very loosely bound. ... He described them as: â€Å"Part One: The prophecy and realization of God’s plan to redeem mankind by the coming of the Messiah. Part Two: The accomplishment of redemption by the sacrifice of Jesus, mankind’s rejection of God’s offer, and mankind’s utter defeat when trying to oppose the power of the Almighty. Part Three: A Hymn of Thanksgiving for the final overthrow of Death.† The ‘Hallelujah’ chorus comes during the ending portion of the second part of the composition. It has a feeling of a man’s realization of coming of Christ and permeates an atmosphere of holiness when the whole chorus sings out together in magnificent homophony. The lyrics are: Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! For the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth. Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth. Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! The kingdom of t his world Is become the kingdom of our Lord, And of His Christ, and of His Christ; And He shall reign for ever and ever, For ever and ever, forever and ever, King of kings, and Lord of lords, King of kings, and Lord of lords, And Lord of lords, And He shall reign, And He shall reign forever and ever, King of kings, forever and ever, And Lord of lords, Hallelujah! Hallelujah! And He shall reign forever and ever, King of kings! and Lord of lords! And He shall reign forever and ever, King of kings! and Lord of lords! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! The composer has chosen this chorus to be a high point in his composition. Thus it is richly orchestrated. It contains a continuo, lower and upper strings, trumpet and percussion in addition to the constant use of soprano, alto, tenor and bass. The

Macro Econ 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macro Econ 3 - Assignment Example This can be illustrated by the fact that there will be a small change in production because the workers already have enough capital for production. This is evidenced by the fact that capital is put through diminishing returns, a situation where output decreases as the amount of capital is increased (Mankiw, 2012). The higher rate of saving does not increase the growth rate indefinitely since more capital is not put to use in helping the country. Instead, as income rises, the growth finally slows down. All this is due to the effect of diminishing returns to scale, which affect the growth rate in the short-term and stabilizes it as income increases. Question 4 Investment is a process through which the government can increase its factors of production for future use, which can be done by improving current resources to produce more capital (Mankiw, 2012). Conversely, national saving is the amount of resources that remains after the deduction of consumption and governments purchases in an economy. The relationship between investment and national savings can be illustrated by the equation: Y=C+I+G+NX; where I represents investment, C is consumption, Y is GDP, G denotes government purchases NX is the net export, given by exports less imports. Provided that no other factors act on the economy are altered, for example the represented government does not borrow any money outside or doe not engage itself in international trade, the above equation will have some changes and the outcome is; Y=C+I+G, which happens because the net exports remain constant. The above equation shows that GDP is derived from the sums of consumption, investment and government purchases, and investment can be obtained the equation by subtracting C, (consumptions) and I, (investments) on both sides, Y- C-G = I The above results shows that investments is equivalent to national savings provided that the left side of an equation represents total income resulting from the payment of income and governmen t purchases. Hence it shows that there is a relationship between national savings and investments. Productivity Growth Question 1 The FRBSF economic letter (2009) indicates that before 1995, the main contributor of productivity growth was human capital and the physical capital, but after 1995 this changed to Information Technology (IT) since productivity started rising in the mid 1990s in the firms that were using IT. The changes come about due to rapid transformation of information technology and its use in many sectors for the transfer of information, computers and semiconductors. The use of information technology increased the labor productivity rate which led to a higher productivity growth, which is the reason behind the difference between the year 1995 and earlier years where the productivity growth rate was low. Question 2 Based on the author’s observation, it is possible that the US economy will, in future, still be the largest and most productive (FRBSF, 2009). This observation is due to the fact that the productivity growth rate between 1995 and 2000 was due to the implementation of Information Technology which had a bigger share of investment and the US government had invested fully on it. Based on the different authors in the symposium, the productivity rate of 2% per annum will be sustained

Emmanuel Kants Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

As we discussed in class on Monday night, Kant’s main argument in the first section was dedicated to developing his belief that a rational beings have the capacity to reason and through this reason comes a beings ability to know what is right or wrong. Also, Kant revealed that a beings also have an inherent desire to keep themselves save physically and strive for happiness. Yet, these desires or needs can be fulfilled with pure instinct and that reason does not need to be used in order to reach those goals. More specifically Kant says, â€Å"The highest purposes of each individual are presumably self-preservation and the attainment of happiness.† â€Å"The fact that reason serves purposes that are higher than individual survival and private happiness.† This tells us the reason for Kant explaining t...

Should Andrew Jackson be on the 20 dollar bill

There are obvious reasons why Andrew Jackson shouldn't be on the twenty dollar bill. There was the Indian Removal Act, the Trail of Tears, and he closed the National Bank. But, who should replace him? One western leader, President Ronald Reagan, above all others, demanded the Soviets to give up the Brezhney Doctrine and abandon the arms race, brought down the Berlin Wall, and ended the Cold War at the bargaining table and not on battlefield (2013, Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism).The Brezhney Doctrine was a Soviet Union foreign policy. In the first inaugural address of Andrew Jackson, he said he would observe the Indian's rights which is a consistent habit of our government but, President Jackson turned his back and forced the Cherokee to move west because he found gold in their territory which at the time was in Georgia. Over 70,000 Cherokee had to move west. Many of which died due to diseases transferred by Americans and natural everyday colds.The term â€Å"Trail of Tears † was given to the period of ten years in which over 70,000 Indians had o give up their homes and move to areas assigned to tribes in Oklahoma (Indian Removal Act of 1830, November 3, 2013). The government promised this land to them â€Å"as long as grass grows and rivers run† (Indian Removal Act of 1830, 2013). Unfortunately, the land that they were given only lasted till 1906 and then they were forced to move to other reservations. Andrew Jackson also closed the National Banks. Due to this, inflation rose and the economy collapsed.Inflation is the result of higher rices and a decrease in the purchasing power of money. With the economy collapsing came the Panic of 1837. â€Å"Tear down this wall† (Tear Down This Wall, November 7, 2013). That is what President Reagan said when tearing down the Berlin Wall. Based on intelligence reports and his own analysis, the President concluded that communism was cracking and ready to tumble. Reagan took personal control of th e new strategy. When President Reagan took down the Berlin wall, it had made communicating and traveling easier.It had also stopped communism in east Germany and started to crumble communism in Russia. Ronald Reagan forced the Soviet Union to abandon its goal of the world socialization. He did this by challenging Soviet's legitimacy, by regaining superiority in the arms race, and by using human rights as a weapon as powerful as any in the U. S. or Soviet arsenal. A severe recession set in with an inflation decreasing from 13. 5% in 1980 to 5. 1% in 1982 and unemployment exceeding 10% in October, 1982 for the first time in forty years.After he 1982 downturn, the decreased inflation rate, under 5%, sparked economic growth. It also produced one of the lowest unemployment rates in modern U. S. history. Andrew Jackson was not the best president we have had. Jackson created the Trail of Tears, the Indian Removal Act, and the closing of the National Banks. On the other hand, President Reag an made a turn for the better. He tore down the Berlin Wall stopping communism in eastern Germany and started crumbling communism in Russia, forced the Soviet Union to abandon its goal of world socialization,

The Law of Agency in Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3154 Downloads: 27 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? The basic concept of an agency is concerned about the relationship between one person, the principal and another, the agent where a principal entrusts the business to an agent and allows the agent to act on behalf of the principal in dealing with third parties according to Section 135, Contracts Act 1950. For example, Sabrina instructs Ivan to purchase some goods on her behalf, Sabrina is the principal while Ivan is her agent. Therefore, the agent is granted the authority to fulfil his principal’s instruction to deal with third parties. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Law of Agency in Malaysia" essay for you Create order The core of the agency relationship is built on trust. The principal must trust that the agent will work according to the terms of agency agreement and for the benefits of the principal. The principal could suffer loss off money, opportunity and reputation if the agent abuses his authority. Also, the agent must trust that the principal will pay for their work. The law of agency in Malaysia is governed by Part X of the Contracts Act 1950. Anyone can become a principal or an agent as long as the person is age of majority and of sound mind as stated in Section 136 and Section 137, Contracts Act 1950 respectively. Examples of agents including brokers, insurance agents, travel agents, and lawyers. Agents are important in business as they reduce cost to access to market conveniently and effective in sales distribution channel. Thus, an agency can takes effect in two types of contracts. The first contract is made between the principal and the agent who has his authority delegated by the principal to act for and on behalf of the principal. The second contract however is made between the principal and the third party. An agency can be formed in many different ways similar to creating a contract, contract of agency can either be express or implied depending on the circumstances. Express or implied agreement can form an agency contract where no consideration is needed. This also means that the authority of an agent can be expressed or implied. Express authority happens when the principal delivers an oral or written communication stating the nature of authority. The scope of an agent’s express authority is based on the appropriate construction of terms of the agreement. Therefore, instructions from the principal must not be ambiguous as the principal will bound to the terms when the agent had clearly interpreted the instructions in a manner not intended by the principal. For example, in Ireland v Livingston, the instructions from the principal was uncertain and can be interpreted into multiple possible manners. Implied authority however arises when it is inferred from the behaviour of the part ies and the circumstances of the case. The case of Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd clearly shown the creation of agency through implication. The Court of Appeal held that Mr Richards had authority to enter into the guarantee implied from the circumstances where he had entered various contracts on behalf of the company previously. For Sarah’s case, she has specifically appointed Ian as her assistant in helping her to manage the art gallery during her business trip. One can say that agency does not exist between Sarah and Ian as written agreement was absent. However, express appointment can be in written or oral form. In order to be effective in appointing an agent, a letter written or words spoken is adequate. In KGN Jaya Sdn Bhd v Pan Reliance Sdn Bhd, the court of Appeal held that the law does not require that an agency agreement must be in writing. Further, no formality is need to conduct express authority according to Heard vs Pilley 1869. The agreement of agency was created under express agreement and express au thority has been delivered from Sarah to Ian when she instructed him to take care of the art gallery. Therefore, an agency is formed between Sarah and Ian when she arranged him to become her assistant. Ian as the assistant of Sarah acted as an agent which involve in negotiation for sales of goods on behalf of Sarah. Sarah also gave specific instructions to Ian that he is not allow to offer any discount on displayed items without consulting her and he is not to purchase any new item without verifying with her. In other words, Ian must seek the approval from Sarah before selling and buying items for the art gallery. Therefore, it is reasonable that no ambiguity shall arise as Sarah’s instructions are directed and interpreted clearly. There are a few duties toward the principal that an agent must follow. According to Section 164, Contracts Act 1950 an agent is bound to conduct the business of his principal according to the instructions given by the principal, or, in the absence of any such instructions, according to the custom which prevails in doing business. As an agent, Ian is bound to comply several duties towards his principal, Sarah. The first one is the duty of fiduciary. This is closely related to the law of trusts as the agent is expected to follow the principal’s instructions with honesty and integrity and to manage the business of the agency carefully with the skills he acquires to avoid making any mistakes in Section 165 of Contracts Act 1950. This can be used to pr otect the principal if the agent abuses his authority. In the case of Parker v McKenna, an agent is required to act for the best interest of the principal because fiduciary relation is referred as a principle â€Å"founded at the highest and truest morality†. If the agent’s action conflicts the interest of the principal’s, then the agent has violated the fiduciary duty. This is shown in the case of Armstrong v Jackson where the agent instead of purchasing shares for the company, he sold his own shares. It was conflicted with the principal’s interest as the principal wanted the lowest price possible. Therefore, Ian’s duty is to manage the art gallery carefully with good faith according to Sarah’s instructions and for the benefits of Sarah while not to make any unnecessary mistakes so that violation of fiduciary duty can be avoided. Next, every agent owes the principal the duty of reasonable care where the agent must take reasonable steps to protect the assets and interests of the principal. Failure to do so will lead to a breach of agent’s duty of reasonable care. For example in Keppel v Wheeler and Another, it was held that the agent was liable to pay the difference of the price of two offers as he ignored the second offer which proposed a higher price. Thus, in Sarah’s case, Ian has the responsibility to take care of Sarah’s assets including all the artwork in the art gallery while dealing with any third parties. In addition, agents also owe the principal the duty of obedience which requires agents to follow all lawful and appropriate instruct ions given by the principal in dealing with third party in the business. Agents will be liable for the damages as result from failing to obey principal’s instructions in accomplishing the purpose of the agency. Related cases including Turpin v Bilton where the agent was liable for the damages of failing to insure the ship while the ship was lost. In addition, in Bostock v Jardine, the agent was liable as he purchase more than what he was instructed. So, it is essential for Ian to follow exactly the instructions from Sarah in managing the art gallery which he must inform and obtain the approval from Sarah if he wants to make any business transactions of selling artwork or buying any items for the art gallery. It is also an important duty for agent to communicate with his principal in order to seek for suitable instructions by using all reasonable methods. Communicating with principal including submitting and informing all information that is relevant to the agency. Even in emergency situations, agents are required to obtain the instructions from the principal before making any decisions without the principal’s knowledge. In Springer v Great western Railway Company, the agent was liable for the damages as he fail to try to contact his principal and he sold the tomatoes. In Sarah’s case, it was straightforward that Ian must communicate with her before purchasing or selling any item for the art gallery according to her instructions. In duty of account, an agent must provide appropriate accounts when it is needed by the principal. Moreover, agents are not allowed to accept secret profits or take bribe in any kind of circumstances. In the case of Graham v Cummings 1904, the shareholder secretly negotiated in order to obtain a higher amount for his stock than other shareholders. The court held that an agent is not allowed to make secret profits without the consent from the principal in a business agency. Other than submitting relevant accounts when needed by the principal and not to create secret profit, an agent is also requires to pay sums received for the principal to the principal. Other duties of agent involved are not to disclose confidential information and not to delegate. When Sarah appointed Ian as her assistant to take care of the art gallery, he is not allowed to delegate the duty to others as the express authority was given to him only. Therefore, it is essential for Ian to perform his duty with diligence as a breach of duty will cause him to be liable for the damages. When an agent owes duties to the principal, in return the principal also owes a few duties to the agent. First of all, the principal must pay commissions as agreed to the agent. The agent has the right to receive it if he has done the job according to the terms in the agency agreement. For example in the case of Miller v Beale (1879), an auctioneer was employed to sell property and he has the right to rece ive his commissions. However, if the agent breach his duty to the principal, the principal may refuse to pay the agent. Marsh v Jelf (1862), a principal employed an auctioneer to sell property but the auctioneer sold it privately without the principal’s knowledge. It was held that the auctioneer has breached his duty to the principal and therefore commission was not entitled for him. Therefore it is the duty of Sarah to pay Ian if he has completed the job scope according to her instructions. Furthermore, the principal is not allowed to prevent the agent from obtaining his commission. Even if the transaction fallen through no fault of the agent, the agent still has the right to earn his commission. In the case of Alpha Trading v Dunnshaw Pattern (1981), an agent was in charge of making a contract for sale of cement between the seller and third party. However the seller failed to deliver and caused a breach to the contract of sale. Then, the commission was never received by the agent. It was held that the principal was liable to pay the agent his commissions. All costs incurred in carrying out the agency relationship, the agent is able to claim from the principal. This was shown in the case of Adams v Morgan (1924) where the agent incurred super tax in his process to following the principal’s instructions. Therefore, indemnity was claimed from the principal. However this is only applicable when the agent has completed authorized transactions within authority delegated from the principal and not available when the loss is due to agent’s own negligence or insolvency. So, Sarah owes the duty to indemnify Ian for performance done in carrying out his authority. An agency can be terminated in an identical steps or methods as in discharging a contract. Mutual agreement from both parties in an agency can terminate the relation of principal and agent. However, in Sarah’s case, she is able to terminate the agency or discharge the contract of ag ency by breach. Contract of agency is said to be terminated based on actions of agent. This can be explain based on Ian’s actions during Sarah’s absence. (i)Ian sold an art work which Sarah was unable to sell for nine years with a discount of 20% Ian’s action to sell this art work may be reasonable as it has been kept in the art gallery for nine years and Sarah has always wanted to sell it but fail to do so. If the customer is willing to purchase that piece of art work, Ian must inform Sarah. In this situation, Ian’s duty was only to negotiate the information regarding the art work with the customer even though he has acted in good faith to sell the art work. As the art work was sold to the customer without the consent from Sarah, Ian has breached the duty to communicate with Sarah which he should have inform Sarah about it. Ian not only sold the art work without communicating with Sarah, he also gave a discount of 20% to the customer. Ian could have been right as he has performed an act of good faith which he sold the art work for the benefit of Sarah as the art work was already kept in the gallery for nine years, but he has breached the duty as an agent when he gave out a 20% discount. It was understood that in Sarah’s instructions included not to give any discounts on displayed items in the gallery. When Ian gave out the 20% discount, he has breached his duty to follow proper instructions given by Sarah to conduct business with third parties. Therefore in this incident, Ian has breach the duty of obedience which is to obey instructions given by Sarah and the duty to communicate Sarah before making any business transactions. (ii)Ian bought a copy of famous art work and sold it as an original piece to Jake In the incident, Ian did not make any effort to communicate with Sarah to verify the buying and selling of that piece of copy art work. Both transaction were done without the consent from Sarah. As the transaction between Ian and Jake was done without the Sarah’s knowledge, Ian will be liable for the consequences and damages as he has breached his duty as an agent to follow Sarah’s instruction. According to Section 168 of Contracts Act 1950, it is the right of principal to repudiate such transactions made by the agent without the consent from the principal. Therefore, Sarah has the right to repudiate transactions made by Ian in buying and selling the copy of the artwork and terminate the agency as Ian has breached his duty. Furthermore, purchasing a fake art work and selling it as an original piece is considered against the law. The punishment shall be determined if Sarah bring the case to the court. (iii)Ian sold an art work which was reserved for another customer and he will obtain 15% of resale of the reserve painting Once again here, Ian has breached the duty of agent as he did not make any effort to communicate with Sarah. Ian should have contacted Sarah to obtain the permission to sell art work then he would not have sold that piece of art work which was reserved for another customer. This is considered as breach of duty to follow principal’s instructions. This time Ian did not give any discount to Amelia, but Sarah found out that he would obtain a profit of 15% of the re sale. Ian is considered as a disloyal agent as he used the agency to make secret profits. Moreover, he has breached the duty of agent which is not to make secret profit according to Section 168. The contract of agency can be terminated as he has committed the breach of duty as an agent. Therefore, in this incident Ian has breached the duty to perform according to Sarah’s instructions and he also committed a breach when he made secret profits for himself using the agency. In general, the conditions of the agency contract between Sarah and Ian are agent must follow instructions given by the principal and communicate and verify with the principal before buying and selling art wor k for the art gallery. It was concluded that the agent has breached condition of an agency contract and the principal has the right to revoke the authority of agent and thereby end the contract of agency. So, Sarah can terminate the agency agreement with Ian. Remedy is the way which the injured party enforces a right or correct a loss. The nature of the breach will determine remedies available to the injured party. The main purpose of remedy is to allow the innocent party to receive monetary compensation. The remedies to Sarah on Ian disobeying instructions are as following: (i)Claim for damages for breach of contract Other than terminating the agreement of agency with Ian, Sarah may also claim damages or losses due to acts of Ian who breached the contract as he failed to perform his job according to Sarah’s specific instructions. Sarah can claim the losses where Ian offered 20% discount to customer. (ii)Recovery of all profit which made by Ian Sarah also has the right to cla im the benefits that obtained by Ian when he dealt with third parties without her consent. It is stated in Section 168 of Contracts Act 1950 that the principal may repudiate the business transaction made by the agent on his own account without the consent from the principal. Furthermore, it is the right of principal to receive the benefits obtained by agent when the agent deals on his own account in the business of agency in Section 169 Contracts Act 1950. Example of cases is Kribbs v Jackson 1957 Pennsylvania Supreme Court case, the agent who is in charge of collecting rent on property owned by the principal has secretly concealed amount of rent collected as his secret profit. It was held that all profits made by the agent belong to the principal. (iii)Refusal to pay the agent commission or other remuneration During Sarah’s absence, Ian has conducted a few business transactions without the consent of Sarah. Ian has breach his duty and therefore Sarah has the right to refuse to pay Ian commission. Ian must also bear all costs incurred in dealing with third party and he is not entitled to claim from the principal. According to Section 171 Contracts Act 1950, an agent is not entitled to collect any remuneration from the principal if the agent is guilty of misconduct in the business of the agency In conclusion, Ian as the agent appointed specifically by Sarah has violated the restriction of authority given by Sarah and caused breach to the agreement of agency. Therefore, Sarah can make decision to terminate the agency contract and can even refuse to pay commission to Ian. Furthermore, Sarah shall bring cases to court for relevant punishment.